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Hypophosphatasia

Hypophosphatasia is a group of diseases caused by mutations of the ALPL gene. Inheritance is autosomal dominant and recessive. Various forms may be distinguished by the age of clinical manifestation from infancy to adulthood. The clinical picture resembles vitamin D resistent rickets. Laboratory findings include hypercalcemia and ethanolamine phosphatemia.

Laboratory tests

General work-up

Parameter Interpretation
Serum calcium elevated
Serum phosphate elevated
Serum alkaline phosphatase low

Disease-specific work-up

Parameter Interpretation
Serum ethanolamine phosphate elevated
Urinary excretion ethanolamine phosphate elevated

Management

For therapy Strensiq® (asfotase alfa) is available.

Systematic

Hereditary Rickets
Hypophosphatasia
Adult hypophosphatasia
ALPL
Childhood hypophosphatasia
ALPL
Infantile hypophosphatasia
ALPL
Odontohypophosphatasia
ALPL
Hypophosphatemic bone and kindney disease
Vitamin D hydroxylation-deficient rickets type 1A
Vitamin D hydroxylation-deficient rickets type 1B
Vitamin D-dependent rickets, type 2A
Vitamin D-dependent rickets, type 2B

References:

1.

Whyte MP et al. (1982) Infantile hypophosphatasia: enzyme replacement therapy by intravenous infusion of alkaline phosphatase-rich plasma from patients with Paget bone disease.

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2.

Unger S et al. (2002) Severe cleidocranial dysplasia can mimic hypophosphatasia.

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3.

None (1957) Hypophosphatasia.

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4.

Scriver CR et al. (1969) Pseudohypophosphatasia.

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5.

None () Hypophosphatasia associated with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposits in cartilage. Report of a case.

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6.

Méhes K et al. (1972) Hypophosphatasia: screening and family investigations in an endogamous Hungarian village.

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7.

Warshaw JB et al. (1971) Serum alkaline phosphatase in hypophosphatasia.

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8.

Whyte MP et al. (1984) Enzyme replacement therapy for infantile hypophosphatasia attempted by intravenous infusions of alkaline phosphatase-rich Paget plasma: results in three additional patients.

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9.

Eastman JR et al. (1983) Clinical, laboratory, and genetic investigations of hypophosphatasia: support for autosomal dominant inheritance with homozygous lethality.

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10.

Albeggiani A et al. (1982) Infantile hypophosphatasia diagnosed at 4 months and surviving at 2 years.

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11.

Wolff C et al. (1982) Hypophosphatasia congenita letalis.

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12.

Henthorn PS et al. (1992) Different missense mutations at the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase gene locus in autosomal recessively inherited forms of mild and severe hypophosphatasia.

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13.

Eastman J et al. (1982) Lethal and mild hypophosphatasia in half-sibs.

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14.

Kousseff BG et al. (1981) Prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia.

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15.

Vandevijver N et al. (1998) Lethal hypophosphatasia, spur type: case report and fetopathological study.

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16.

BETHUNE JE et al. (1960) Hypophosphatasia in the adult.

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17.

RATHBUN JC et al. (1961) Hypophosphatasia: a genetic study.

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18.

Cahill RA et al. (2007) Infantile hypophosphatasia: transplantation therapy trial using bone fragments and cultured osteoblasts.

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19.

None (1948) Hypophosphatasia; a new developmental anomaly.

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20.

Zankl A et al. (2008) Specific ultrasonographic features of perinatal lethal hypophosphatasia.

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21.

Whyte MP et al. (2012) Enzyme-replacement therapy in life-threatening hypophosphatasia.

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22.

Pauli RM et al. (1999) Mild hypophosphatasia mimicking severe osteogenesis imperfecta in utero: bent but not broken.

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23.

Macfarlane JD et al. (1992) Phenotypically dissimilar hypophosphatasia in two sibships.

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24.

Moore CA et al. (1999) Mild autosomal dominant hypophosphatasia: in utero presentation in two families.

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25.

Hu JC et al. (2000) Characterization of a family with dominant hypophosphatasia.

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26.

Lia-Baldini AS et al. (2001) A molecular approach to dominance in hypophosphatasia.

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27.

Herasse M et al. (2003) Molecular study of three cases of odontohypophosphatasia resulting from heterozygosity for mutations in the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase gene.

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28.

Whyte MP et al. (2007) Adult hypophosphatasia treated with teriparatide.

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29.

Greenberg CR et al. (1993) A homoallelic Gly317-->Asp mutation in ALPL causes the perinatal (lethal) form of hypophosphatasia in Canadian mennonites.

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30.

Litmanovitz et al. (2002) Glu274Lys/Gly309Arg mutation of the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase gene in neonatal hypophosphatasia associated with convulsions.

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31.

Stevenson DA et al. (2008) Autosomal recessive hypophosphatasia manifesting in utero with long bone deformity but showing spontaneous postnatal improvement.

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32.

Whyte MP et al. (1979) Adult hypophosphatasia. Clinical, laboratory, and genetic investigation of a large kindred with review of the literature.

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33.

Whyte MP et al. (1978) Adult hypophosphatasia dominant inheritance in a large kindred.

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34.

Whyte MP et al. (1985) Markedly increased circulating pyridoxal-5'-phosphate levels in hypophosphatasia. Alkaline phosphatase acts in vitamin B6 metabolism.

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35.

Danovitch SH et al. (1968) Intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in familial hypophosphatasia.

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36.

Jardon OM et al. (1970) Hypophosphatasia in an adult.

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37.

Eade AW et al. (1981) Pyrophosphate arthropathy in hypophosphatasia.

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38.

Fallon MD et al. (1984) Hypophosphatasia: clinicopathologic comparison of the infantile, childhood, and adult forms.

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39.

Whyte MP et al. (1982) Adult hypophosphatasia with chondrocalcinosis and arthropathy. Variable penetrance of hypophosphatasemia in a large Oklahoma kindred.

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40.

Whyte MP et al. (1982) Adult hypophosphatasia: generalized deficiency of alkaline phosphatase activity demonstrated with cultured skin fibroblasts.

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41.

Weinstein RS et al. (1981) Heterogeneity of adult hypophosphatasia. Report of severe and mild cases.

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42.

Morava E et al. (2002) Cleidocranial dysplasia with decreased bone density and biochemical findings of hypophosphatasia.

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43.

OMIM.ORG article

Omim 146300 external link
44.

Orphanet article

Orphanet ID 436 external link
45.

Wikipedia article

Wikipedia EN (Hypophosphatasia) external link
Update: Aug. 14, 2020
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